Yes - Oo / Opo (formal)
No - Hindi / Hindi po (formal)
(Adding "po" at the end to make your sentence formal would be good, most of the time.)
What - Ano?
Who? - Sino?
Where? - Saan?
When? - Kailan? (colloquial: Kelan?)
How? - Paano?
How much? - Magkano?
Which? - Alin?
Thank you. - Salamat.
You're welcome. - Walang anuman.
Help! - Tulong!/Saklolo!
How are you? - Kumusta ka?/Kamusta ka?
Don't! - Huwag!
Are you crazy? - Baliw ka ba?/ Sira ka ba?
That's it for now, I guess. I'M TOO BUSY KILL ME NOW. Haha.